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Legal Instruments
| Title | Legal Status | About agreement | Logo |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Convention on Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific (Apia Convention) | Apia Convention - Entry into force: 25 Jun 1990 | The Convention on Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific obliges States in general terms to create protected areas to safeguard representative samples of ecosystems, and places of scenic, geological, aesthetic, historical, cultural or scientific importance. The Convention also prohibits the taking or killing of fauna (including eggs and shells) unless the taking is controlled by the competent authorities of the State concerned or unless in pursuance of 'duly authorised' scientific investigations. Region: Asia and the Pacific Number of parties: 0 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats (EUROBATS) | Entry into force: 15 Jan 1994 | RECOGNISING the unfavourable conservation status of bats in Europe and non-European Range States and in particular the serious threat to them from habitat degradation, disturbance of roosting sites and certain pesticides; Region: Europe Number of parties: 0 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS). | ASCOBANS was concluded in 1991 and entered into force in 1994 | It is under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS or Bonn Convention) and entered into force in 1994. In February 2008, an extension of the agreement area came into force which changed the name to "Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas". Region: Europe Number of parties: 10 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution | Entry into force: 9 Nov 2003 | To prevent and monitor transboundary haze pollution resulting from land and/or forest fires. Region: Asia and the Pacific; Number of parties: 0 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into AFRICA and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa | Entry into force - Tue, 21 April 1998 | The Bamako Convention is a treaty of African nations prohibiting the import into Africa of any hazardous (including radioactive) waste. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Carpathian Convention: The Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians. | Signed by the seven Parties in May 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine, and entered into force in January 2006. | It was adopted and signed by the seven Parties (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic, and Ukraine). It is the only multi-level governance mechanism covering the whole of the Carpathian area and besides the Alpine Convention the second sub-regional treaty-based regime for the protection and sustainable development of a mountain region worldwide. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention for Cooperation in the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northeast Pacific (Antigua Convention) | Thu, 26 August 2010 | It establishes a regional cooperation framework to encourage and facilitate the sustainable development of marine and coastal resources of the countries of the Northeast Pacific for the benefit of present and future generations of the region. Entry into force: 26 Aug 2010 Region: Asia and the Pacific Number of parties: 0 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (Cartagena Convention) | Cartagena Convention - Fri, 10 October 1986 | The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR) or Cartagena Convention is comprehensive, umbrella agreement for the protection and development of the marine environment. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention for the Protection of Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (Noumea Convention) | Entered into force in 1990 | The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) is the primary regional organization concerned with environmental management and sustainable development in the Pacific and serves as the Secretariat for three Conventions. The 1976 Convention on the Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific (the Apia Convention), came into force in 1990. Its operation was suspended in 2006. The 1986 Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific region (the Noumea Convention) entered into force in 1990. It has two Protocols. The 1995 Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region (the Waigani Convention) entered into force in 2001. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website |
| Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of the South-East Pacific (Lima convention) | The South-East Pacific Action Plan was adopted in 1981 together with the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Zones of the South-East Pacific (Lima Convention) and its associated protocols. | The Action Plan is implemented within the framework of inter-agency cooperation between the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS), UN Environment and some two dozen agencies, programmes and Convention Secretariats. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean | Barcelona Convention - Sun, 12 February 1978 | The original text, the Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution, was adopted in 1976 and in 1995, the Contracting Parties adopted an amended version of the Barcelona Convention of 1976, renamed Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean. The Convention's main objectives are to: • assess and control marine pollution; • ensure sustainable management of natural marine and coastal resources; • integrate the environment in social and economic development; • protect the marine environment and coastal zones through prevention and reduction of pollution, and as far as possible, elimination of pollution, whether land or sea-based; • protect the natural and cultural heritage; • strengthen solidarity among Mediterranean coastal States; • contribute to improvement of the quality of life. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic - the OSPAR Convention | Entered into force on 25 March 1998 | OSPAR is the mechanism by which 15 Governments & the EU cooperate to protect the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic. OSPAR Convention: was open for signature at the Ministerial Meeting of the Oslo and Paris Commissions in Paris on 22 September 1992. It was adopted together with a Final Declaration and an Action Plan. The Convention has been signed and ratified by all of the Contracting Parties to the original Oslo or Paris Conventions (Belgium, Denmark, the European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) along with Luxembourg and Switzerland. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention for the Protection, Management and development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African region (The Nairobi Convention) | The Nairobi Convention-Wed, 29 May 199 | Objectives: To strictly regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes to and within Africa. Summary of provisions: The scope of the Convention is confined to hazardous wastes, though not wastes from ship discharges covered by another Convention. Hazardous substances banned, cancelled or refused registration by government regulatory action for health or environmental reasons, are defined as hazardous wastes under the Convention. Radioactive wastes are covered also by the Convention (art. 2). Parties agree to enact legislation identifying and categorising hazardous wastes not already listed in the Convention (art. 3). | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR Convention) | It was adopted at the Conference on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources which met at Canberra, Australia, 7–20 May 1980. | It is a multilateral response to concerns that unregulated increases in krill catches in the Southern Ocean could be detrimental for Antarctic marine ecosystems particularly for seabirds, seals, whales and fish that depend on krill for food. The CAMLR Convention consists of: • 33 Articles, • an annex relating to an arbitration tribunal, and • a statement by the Chairman of the Conference on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, regarding the application of the CAMLR Convention to the waters adjacent to Kerguelen and Crozet Islands, over which France has jurisdiction, and to waters adjacent to other islands within the area to which the Convention applies over which the existence of State sovereignty is recognised by all Contracting Parties. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention on the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah Convention) | Entered into force in 1985 | The Action Plan for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden was established in 1982 and later revised in 1995 and 2005. In addition, the PRTSGA member states adopted the Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah Convention) and the attached Protocol concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency in 1982, which entered into force in 1985. Two additional protocols were adopted in 2005 concerning protection form land-based activities and conservation of marine biodiversity- establishment of a regional network of protected areas. More recently another protocol concerning facilitation of movement of personnel and equipment during emergency was adopted in 2009. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention on The Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention) | Initially signed in 1974. New covention signed in 1992 | In 1974 the Baltic Sea States signed the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, also In 1974 the Baltic Sea States signed the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, also known as the Helsinki Convention, which was replaced nearly two decades after, by the new Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area signed in 1992. In 2003 a HELCOM Ministerial Meeting decided that all HELCOM actions must be based on an “ecosystem approach” to the management of the human activities known as the Helsinki Convention, which was replaced nearly two decades after, by the new Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area signed in 1992. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents | Entry into force: 19 Apr 2000 | It aims at protecting human beings and the environment against industrial accidents by preventing such accidents as far as possible, by reducing their frequency and severity and by mitigating their effects. It promotes active international cooperation between the contracting Parties, before, during and after an industrial accident. Region: Europe Number of parties: 41 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea (Tehran Convention) | Tehran Convention - Entry into force: 12 Aug 2006 | The Tehran Convention is the first regional legally binding instrument signed by all five Caspian littoral states. It serves as an overarching governance framework which lays down the general requirements and the institutional mechanism for environmental protection and sustainable development in the Caspian Sea region. The effective implementation of the Tehran Convention and its Protocols will support the protection of the marine environment and with it of the livelihoods, health and well-being of present and future generations around the Caspian Sea. Region: Asia and the Pacific Number of parties: 0 | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Kuwait Regional Convention for Cooperation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution (Kuwait Convention) | (Kuwait Convention - Adopted: 24 April 1978 & Entered into Force: 1 July 1979 (UNEP 2001) | Kuwait Regional Convention for Cooperation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution Contracting Parties: State of Bahrain, Iran, Republic of Iraq, State of Kuwait, Sultanate of Oman, State of Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) | Adopted in September 1994 | The Action Plan for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northwest Pacific Region (NOWPAP) was adopted in September 1994 as a part of the Regional Seas Programme of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Implementation of NOWPAP contributes to the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) in the Northwest Pacific region. Has 4 Member States, namely the People’s Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation as a part of the UNEP Regional Seas Programme. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) | PAME is one of six Arctic Council working groups. PAME was first established under the 1991 Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy and was continued by the 1996 Ottawa Charter that established the Arctic Council. | PAME is the focal point of the Arctic Council’s activities related to the protection and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment and provides a unique forum for collaboration on a wide range of activities in this regard. PAME’s mandate is to address policy and other measures related to the protection of the Arctic marine and coastal environment from both land and sea-based activities. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| South Asian Seas Action Plan (SASAP) | adopted in March 1995. | The South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme (SACEP) is acting as the Action Plan secretariat. It focuses on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), oil-spill contingency planning, human resource development and the environmental effects of land-based activities. Although there is no regional convention yet, SASAP follows existing global environmental and maritime conventions and considers Law of the Sea as its umbrella convention. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website |
| The Convention for the Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region | Abidjan Convention - Sat, 04 August 1984 | The convention provides an important framework through which national policy makers and resource managers implement national control measures in the protection and development of the marine and coastal environment of the WACAF Region (West and Central African Region) | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| The Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution ("Bucharest Convention"). | It was signed in Bucharest in April 1992, and ratified by all six legislative assemblies of the Black Sea countries in the beginning of 1994. | It is the basic framework of agreement and three specific Protocols, which are: (1) the control of land-based sources of pollution; (2) dumping of waste; and (3) joint action in the case of accidents (such as oil spills). The implementation of the Convention is managed by the Commission for the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (also sometimes referred to as the Istanbul Commission), and its Permanent Secretariat is in Istanbul, Turkey. Basic objective of the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution: To substantiate the general obligation of the Contracting Parties to prevent, reduce and control the pollution in the Black Sea in order to protect and preserve the marine environment and to provide legal framework for co-operation and concerted actions to fulfil this obligation. In particular: • To prevent pollution by hazardous substances or matter; Annex to the Convention • To prevent, reduce and control the pollution from land-based sources; Protocol to the Convention • To prevent, reduce and control the pollution of the marine environment from vessels in accordance with the generally accepted rules and standards; | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
| The Lusaka Agreement on Co-operative Enforcement Operations Directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora (Lusaka Agreement) | Entry into force: 10 Dec 1996 | The Lusaka Agreement on Co-operative Enforcement Operations Directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora (hereinafter referred to as the Lusaka Agreement or the Agreement) is the only existing practically oriented co-operative enforcement instrument assisting the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and other biodiversity related agreements at regional level. The scope of application of the Agreement is the African region. The main objective of the Agreement is for the parties to undertake activities intended to reduce and ultimately eliminate illegal trade in wild fauna and flora. | Click on logo to go to Agreement's website  |
The Focal Point for all these at UN Environment is Ms. Kanako Hasegawa